New Space-Based Research May Pave the Way for First Astronaut with Diabetes

Left to right - Pilot Shubhanshu Shukla, Commander Peggy Whitson, and Mission Specialists Sławosz Uznański and Tibor Kapu
Media Credit: Axiom Space
ISS National Lab-sponsored study launching on Axiom Mission 4 to advance diabetes management in space
June 3, 2025
KENNEDY SPACE CENTER (FL), June 3, 2025 – An investigation launching to the International Space Station (ISSInternational Space Station) on Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) aims to advance diabetes management in microgravityThe condition of perceived weightlessness created when an object is in free fall, for example when an object is in orbital motion. Microgravity alters many observable phenomena within the physical and life sciences, allowing scientists to study things in ways not possible on Earth. The International Space Station provides access to a persistent microgravity environment. and open access to space for more people. Researchers will demonstrate the accuracy of glucose monitoring and the viability of insulin on the ISS, with the long-term goal of supporting astronauts with insulin-dependent diabetes on future space missions.
The ISS National Lab-sponsored project, Suite Ride, is a partnership between Axiom Space and Burjeel Holdings PLC, a healthcare services provider based in the United Arab Emirates. According to the International Diabetes Federation, one in nine adults worldwide—which amounts to nearly 590 million people—are living with diabetes. That number is expected to rise to more than 780 million people by 2045.
“Individuals with insulin-dependent diabetes historically have been disqualified from flying to low Earth orbit(Abbreviation: LEO) The orbit around the Earth that extends up to an altitude of 2,000 km (1,200 miles) from Earth’s surface. The International Space Station’s orbit is in LEO, at an altitude of approximately 250 miles.,” said Alex Rubin, medical operations group lead at Axiom Space. “A main objective of the study is to demonstrate that a condition such as this can be accurately monitored and treated in microgravity, with the intent of eventually flying a crew member with the condition.”
The team is sending several commercially available glucose monitors to the ISS to ensure they maintain a comparable level of accuracy in microgravity. One of the monitors samples interstitial fluid (the fluid filling the spaces between cells in the body) to measure glucose levels. Microgravity causes shifts in body fluids that could affect the accuracy of these devices.
“We intend to demonstrate that the monitors can be relied upon, or if there is a difference due to microgravity, that it is something we can calibrate to and resolve,” Rubin said.
The study will also look at whether microgravity affects the integrity of insulin. Previous research showed that insulin pens can accurately administer doses during spaceflight.
For this project, several different types of insulin will be sent to the ISS, with some stored at ambient or room temperature and some in cold stowage. The team will test the samples after they return to determine if microgravity had any effect.
Results from this investigation could make it possible to support people with diabetes on future space missions, expanding the pool of those eligible to serve as crew members. Findings could also lead to improvements in diabetes monitoring and care in remote areas on Earth.
“If we demonstrate that we can share data between a subject’s glucose monitor in orbit and a physician on the ground in near real time, that could be implemented in a telemedicine setting with a clinician serving remote or austere locations on Earth,” Rubin said. “If it can work in space, it could work on an oil rig, for example.”
We have come a long way in monitoring and treating diabetes, Rubin said. “There was a time where there was the perception that people with the disease couldn’t do certain things. Today, you can play in the NFL, you can race cars, you can do all sorts of things that may have been difficult before. It only makes sense that the next barrier we break is human spaceflight.”
Ax-4 is scheduled to launch no earlier than June 10, 2025, at 8:22 a.m. EDT, from Florida. For additional information on ISS National Lab-sponsored investigations launching on Ax-4, visit our launch page.
Download a high-resolution image for this release: Axiom Mission 4 Crew
Media Contact:
Patrick O’Neill
904-806-0035
PONeill@ISSNationalLab.org
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